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The reproductive caste of a mature colony includes a wealthy female and man, known as the queen and king.61 The queen of this colony is responsible for egg production for the colony. Unlike in ants, the king mates with her for life.62 In certain species, the abdomen of this queen swells up radically to increase fecundity, a feature known as physogastrism.61 Depending on the species, the queen begins producing reproductive winged alates at a certain period of the year, and enormous swarms emerge in the colony when nuptial flight begins.

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A young termite nymph. Nymphs first moult into employees, but others may farther moult to become soldiers alates.

Termites are often compared with the social Hymenoptera (ants and various species of bees and wasps), but their differing evolutionary origins result in major differences in life span. In the eusocial Hymenoptera, the employees are exclusively female. Men (drones) are haploid and develop from unfertilised eggs, while females (both employees and the queen) are diploid and develop from fertilised eggs.

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Depending on species, both male and female workers may have different functions in a termite colony.63.

The entire life cycle of a termite begins with an egg, but is different from that of a bee or ant in that it goes through a developmental process called incomplete metamorphosis, with egg, nymph and adult phases.64 Nymphs resemble small adults, and undergo a series of moults as they grow.

The development of nymphs into adults can take months; the time frame depends on food availability, temperature, and the general population of the colony. Since nymphs are unable to feed themselves, workers must feed them, but workers also take part in the social life of the colony and also have certain other activities to accomplish like foraging, building or maintaining the nest or tending to the queen.5367 Pheromones regulate the caste system in termite colonies, preventing all but a very few of those termites from becoming fertile queens.68.

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Queens of the eusocial termite Reticulitermes speratus are effective at a long lifespan without sacrificing fecundity. These long-lived queens have a significantly lower level of oxidative damage, including oxidative DNA damage, than employees, soldiers and nymphs.69 The lower degrees of harm seem to be due to increased catalase, an enzyme that protects against oxidative stress.69.

Termite alates only depart the colony when a nuptial flight takes place. Alate males and females pair up together and then land in site here search of a suitable place for a colony.70 A termite king and queen do not mate until they find original site such a spot. When they perform they excavate a room big enough for both, close up the entrance and proceed to mate.70 After mating, the pair never go outdoors and spend the remainder of their lives in the nest.

For instance, alates in certain species appear during the daytime in summer while some emerge during winter.71 The nuptial flight might also begin at dusk, when the alates swarm around areas with lots of lights. The time when nuptial flight begins depends on the environmental conditions, the time of day, humidity, wind speed and precipitation.71 The number of termites in a colony also fluctuates, with the bigger species normally having 1001,000 individuals.

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The queen only lays 1020 eggs in the very early phases of the colony, but lays as many as 1,000 a day when the colony is a few years old.53 At maturity, a primary queen has a fantastic capability to lay eggs. In some species, the adult queen has a greatly distended abdomen and may create 40,000 eggs a day.72 Both adult ovaries may possess some 2,000 ovarioles every.73 The abdomen increases the queen's body length to several times more than prior to mating and reduces her ability to move freely; attendant employees provide assistance. .

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The king grows only slightly larger after initial mating and continues to mate with the queen for life (a termite queen can survive between 30 to 50 years); this is very different from ant colonies, in which a queen mates once with the man (s) and stores the gametes for life, as the male ants die soon after mating.6267 When your queen is absent, a termite king produces pheromones which encourage the development of replacement termite queens.74 As the queen and king are monogamous, sperm competition does not happen.75.

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Termites going through incomplete metamorphosis on the road to becoming alates type a subcaste in certain species of termite, functioning as potential supplementary reproductives. These supplementary reproductives only grow into main reproductives upon the passing of a king or queen, or when the primary reproductives are separated out of the colony.6676 Supplementaries have the capacity to replace a dead primary reproductivesystem, and there may also be greater than just a single supplementary within a colony.53 Some queens have the capacity to change from sexual reproduction to asexual reproduction.

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